GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Ocean currents act much like a conveyer belt, transporting warm water and precipitation from the equator toward the poles and cold water from the poles back to the tropics. Thus, currents regulate global climate, helping to counteract the uneven distribution of solar radiation reaching Earth’s surface.

Detailed explanation-2: -Surface currents are caused by the prevailing winds, which blow water at the top surface. These currents are crucial to climate as they transfer heat from the equator to the poles. There is a gradual movement of water at this region, resulting in a cooling effect at the specific areas; upon cooling, it becomes dense.

Detailed explanation-3: -Currents affect the Earth’s climate by driving warm water from the Equator and cold water from the poles around the Earth. The warm Gulf Stream, for instance, brings milder winter weather to Bergen, Norway, than to New York, much further south.

Detailed explanation-4: -Answer and Explanation: Air currents move large volumes of air from one region to another which can have a significant impact on the temperature and humidity of a region, which also impacts the quantity of precipitation it receives.

Detailed explanation-5: -Changes to the land surface also affect how water moves, and whether it evaporates from the soil surface, drains through the soil, or is absorbed by the roots of plants. This is called surface water balance, and affects local humidity. This affects local climate, since moist air retains heat longer than dry air.