GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Upwelling is the natural process which brings cold, nutrient-rich water to the surface. A huge upwelling regularly occurs off the coast of Peru, which enjoys a large fishing industry as a result. Upwelling is a process in which currents bring deep, cold water to the surface of the ocean.

Detailed explanation-2: -Water that rises to the surface as a result of upwelling is typically colder and is rich in nutrients. These nutrients “fertilize” surface waters, meaning that these surface waters often have high biological productivity. Therefore, good fishing grounds typically are found where upwelling is common.

Detailed explanation-3: -Results in marine bloom Deep ocean water is nutritionally richer than surface water. This is because things like nutrients, plankton, and fish carcasses in the ocean, sink to the depths of the oceans. With the process of upwelling, it returns the lost and the sunk nutrients to the surface.

Detailed explanation-4: -Ekman transport causes the surface layer of water to move at about a 45 degree angle from the direction of the wind, and the friction between that layer and the layer beneath it causes the successive layers to move in the same direction. This results in a spiral of water moving down the water column.

Detailed explanation-5: -Its location being far from solar radiation results in it having minimal to no bacteria activities. Less photosynthesis of plant plankton, consumption of nutrients, and lots of organic decomposition causes abundant nutrients to remain there.