GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Surface wind-driven currents generate upwelling currents in conjunction with landforms, creating deepwater currents. Currents may also be caused by density differences in water masses due to temperature (thermo) and salinity (haline) variations via a process known as thermohaline circulation.

Detailed explanation-2: -As the seawater gets saltier, its density increases, and it starts to sink. Surface water is pulled in to replace the sinking water, which in turn eventually becomes cold and salty enough to sink. This initiates the deep-ocean currents driving the global conveyer belt.

Detailed explanation-3: -Thermohaline circulation. This is a process driven by density differences in water due to temperature (thermo) and salinity (haline) variations in different parts of the ocean. Currents driven by thermohaline circulation occur at both deep and shallow ocean levels and move much slower than tidal or surface currents.

Detailed explanation-4: -Answer: its d They create density differences that cause dense deepwater currents to flow toward the equator where they displace less dense, warmer water above them.

Detailed explanation-5: -salinity increase the density of water, and more dense water will sink beneath less dense water. deep water currents form as a result of these differences.