GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Without sunlight, photosynthesis, the process by which plants make food, is not possible; this contributes to a general scarcity of food in the deep ocean and thus a lower overall density of organisms in many parts of the deep ocean.

Detailed explanation-2: -Light from harbors, ships, and offshore structures such as oil rigs may be disrupting the lives of marine worms, barnacles, and corals, preventing their wayfaring larvae from finding suitable habitats in which to settle down, according to a new study.

Detailed explanation-3: -With fewer ways to seek refuge from warming, ocean-dwelling species are disappearing from their habitats at twice the rate of those on land, notes the research published Wednesday in the journal Nature.

Detailed explanation-4: -Sunlight plays a very important role in sustaining life in the ocean. It first penetrates the water column, heats it, generates currents, and finally, is absorbed by phytoplankton, which uses this source of energy captured by pigments such as chlorophylls to synthesise organic matter from water and inorganic nutrients.