GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Rayleigh waves cause both vertical and horizontal ground motion. These can be the most destructive waves as they roll along lifting and dropping the ground as they pass.

Detailed explanation-2: -During an earthquake, surface waves are the seismic waves that cause the most damage. Unlike other seismic waves that move deep inside the Earth, surface waves move along just under the surface of the Earth like waves in water.

Detailed explanation-3: -Endogenic forces: The forces that act in the interior of the earth are called as endogenic forces. (iii) What is erosion? Answer: The wearing away of the landscape by different agents like water, wind, ice, etc. is called erosion.

Detailed explanation-4: -Destructive Force: Earthquakes An earthquake results from the sudden release of stored energy in the Earth’s crust. It is caused by a strain on the fault lines of the Earth’s crust.