GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Evaporation of ocean water and formation of sea ice both increase the salinity of the ocean.

Detailed explanation-2: -The salinity of water in the surface layer of oceans depend mainly on evaporation and precipitation. Surface salinity is greatly influenced in coastal regions by the freshwater flow from rivers, and in polar regions by the processes of freezing and thawing of ice.

Detailed explanation-3: -Salinity of seawater is affected by evaporation, precipitation, ice formation, and ice melting. Evaporation increases the salinity of seawater because when seawater evaporates, the salts are left behind, thus increasing their concentration.