GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -James Hutton. Along with Charles Lyell, James Hutton developed the concept of uniformitarianism. He believed Earth’s landscapes like mountains and oceans formed over long period of time through gradual processes.

Detailed explanation-2: -Uniformitarianism is a theory based on the work of James Hutton and made popular by Charles Lyell in the 19th century. This theory states that the forces and processes observable at earth’s surface are the same that have shaped earth’s landscape throughout natural history.

Detailed explanation-3: -Hutton showed that Earth had a long history that could be interpreted in terms of processes observed in the present. He showed, for instance, how soils were formed by the weathering of rocks and how layers of sediment accumulated on Earth’s surface.

Detailed explanation-4: -He was one of the earliest proponents of what in the 1830s became known as uniformitarianism, the science which explains features of the Earth’s crust as the outcome of continuing natural processes over the long geologic time scale.

Detailed explanation-5: -James Hutton (1726-1797) is best known for his important contributions to the science of geology (uniformitarianism and the great age of the earth). However, Hutton was also the first person to propose a mechanism of natural selection to account for evolutionary change over time.