GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Volcanic eruptions, submarine landslides, and coastal rock falls can also generate a tsunami, as can a large asteroid impacting the ocean.

Detailed explanation-2: -Although relatively infrequent, violent volcanic eruptions represent also impulsive disturbances, which can displace a great volume of water and generate extremely destructive tsunami waves in the immediate source area.

Detailed explanation-3: -A tsunami is a series of extremely long waves caused by a large and sudden displacement of the ocean, usually the result of an earthquake below or near the ocean floor. This force creates waves that radiate outward in all directions away from their source, sometimes crossing entire ocean basins.

Detailed explanation-4: -Such volcanic tsunamis took place during the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa, the 1956 eruption of Bezymianny and the 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai. Shock wave-induced volcanic tsunamis may have also occurred during the Hatepe eruption of Taupō Volcano around 200 CE.

Detailed explanation-5: -Underwater volcanic eruptions can release massive amounts of volcanic material, displacing the seawater and causing tsunami waves in the region.