GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Faults are also fractures in rock, but they are usually spaced more than joints, and the rocks on both sides of a fault have moved relative to each other. Faults are agents of brittle deformation and generally form above the brittle-ductile transition.

Detailed explanation-2: -Faults that show such ductile shear are referred to as shear zones. When rocks deform in a ductile manner, instead of fracturing to form faults or joints, they may bend or fold, and the resulting structures are called folds. Folds result from compressional stresses or shear stresses acting over considerable time.

Detailed explanation-3: -In natural rocks, the result of brittle deformation is often manifested as fractures, especially faults and joints.

Detailed explanation-4: -Brittle deformation is when rocks fail as rigid solids (Fig. 7.1A). The rocks will break, rather than bend, under these conditions to produce fractures. Brittle deformation occurs along discrete planes in the rock instead of involving the rock body as a whole.