GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Pressure has a profound impact on the deformation behavior of rocks. At the conditions present at Earth’s surface, with the exception of ice, rocks deform by brittle fracture. Yet at relatively shallow depth (just a few tens of km) brittle fracture is suppressed and in most circumstances rocks deform by ductile flow.

Detailed explanation-2: -Rock Mechanics An increase in confining pressure usually results in an increase in the strength of the rock (Fig. 14), while an increase in temperature results in a decrease in strength (Fig. 15).

Detailed explanation-3: -Rock physical properties include density, porosity, and permeability, etc. Rock mechanical properties mainly include elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and rock strength.

Detailed explanation-4: -Rock can respond to stress in three ways: it can deform elastically, it can deform plastically, and it can break or fracture. Elastic strain is reversible; if the stress is removed, the rock will return to its original shape just like a rubber band that is stretched and released.