GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -11.2 Types of Mountains. When upwarping produces a circular or elongated structure, the feature is called a dome. Uplifted mountains are circular or elongated structures formed by uplifting of the underlying basement rock.

Detailed explanation-2: -Anticline: An anticline is a fold that arches upward. The rocks dip away from the center of the fold. The oldest rocks are at the center of an anticline and the youngest are draped over them.

Detailed explanation-3: -Fold mountains are created where two or more of Earth’s tectonic plates are pushed together. At these colliding, compressing boundaries, rocks and debris are warped and folded into rocky outcrops, hills, mountains, and entire mountain ranges. Fold mountains are created through a process called orogeny.

Detailed explanation-4: -In an anticline, rocks arch upward. A three-dimensional anticline is a dome. In a syncline, rocks arch downward. A three-dimensional syncline is a basin.

Detailed explanation-5: -Fig. 10.7c: At higher confining pressures, a similarly directed external force will cause the deeply buried rock to actually flow and deform without fracturing. This is known as ductile deformation and the rock is said to behave plastically.