GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Magma is extremely hot liquid and semi-liquid rock located under Earth’s surface. When magma flows onto Earth’s surface, it is called lava.

Detailed explanation-2: -Lava (which as you undoubtedly know, is partially molten rock erupted by volcanoes) typically comes from the mantle-the Earth’s middle layer, sandwiched between the crust and the core.

Detailed explanation-3: -The liquid “freezes” to form volcanic glass. Chemically lava is made of the elements silicon, oxygen, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and titanium (plus other elements in very small concentrations.

Detailed explanation-4: -When magma erupts from the earth in the form of lava, it cools very quickly due to the much cooler atmospheric temperatures. When it cools it solidifies, creating hardened lava flows and rock formations. This changes the topography of the earth.