GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Some minerals in rocks and organic matter (e.g., wood, bones, and shells) can contain radioactive isotopes. The abundances of parent and daughter isotopes in a sample can be measured and used to determine their age. This method is known as radiometric dating.

Detailed explanation-2: -Absolute Dating The nuclear decay of radioactive isotopes is a process that behaves in a clock-like fashion and is thus a useful tool for determining the absolute age of rocks. Radioactive decay is the process by which a “parent” isotope changes into a “daughter” isotope.

Detailed explanation-3: -Thermal ionization mass spectrometer used in radiometric dating. To determine the ages in years of Earth materials and the timing of geologic events such as exhumation and subduction, geologists utilize the process of radiometric decay.

Detailed explanation-4: -One of the most useful absolute dating methods for archaeologists is called radiocarbon dating. It works by measuring carbon isotopes, which are versions of the element carbon. All isotopes of carbon have 6 protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Detailed explanation-5: -The age, or the chronology of geological creations and events is determined using relative and absolute age. In determining the relative age of a rock, the data from sedimentary rocks are generally used. Relative age of magmatic and metamorphic rocks is determined according to their relation with sedimentary rocks.