GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Mantle convection describes the movement of the mantle as it transfers heat from the white-hot core to the brittle lithosphere. The mantle is heated from below, cooled from above, and its overall temperature decreases over long periods of time. All these elements contribute to mantle convection.

Detailed explanation-2: -Geologists have hypothesized that the movement of tectonic plates is related to convection currents in the earth’s mantle. Convection currents describe the rising, spread, and sinking of gas, liquid, or molten material caused by the application of heat.

Detailed explanation-3: -Convection currents are movements of fluid caused by a temperature or density difference within a material. Convection currents are only seen in gases and liquids because particles within a solid are fixed in place. Warm air rising toward a house’s ceiling or attic is a simple example of convection currents.

Detailed explanation-4: -Convection currents are heat-driven cycles that occur in the air, ocean, and mantle. They are caused by a difference in temperature, often due to a differing proximity to a heat source. The difference in temperature relates directly to the density of the material, causing this effect.