GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The mantle extends to the core-mantle interface at approximately 2900 km depth. Thus, the mantle contains the lower portion of the lithosphere, the asthenosphere, and the mesosphere.

Detailed explanation-2: -The asthenosphere is the denser, weaker layer beneath the lithospheric mantle. It lies between about 100 kilometers (62 miles) and 410 kilometers (255 miles) beneath Earth’s surface.

Detailed explanation-3: -The mesosphere is beneath the asthenosphere. It encompasses the lower mantle, where material still flows but at a much slower rate than the asthenosphere. A layer of liquid iron and nickel (and other elements) beneath the mesosphere.

Detailed explanation-4: -The lower mantle, historically also known as the mesosphere, represents approximately 56% of Earth’s total volume, and is the region from 660 to 2900 km below Earth’s surface; between the transition zone and the outer core.

Detailed explanation-5: -Earth’s mantle is a layer of silicate rock between the crust and the outer core. It has a mass of 4.01 × 1024 kg and thus makes up 67% of the mass of Earth. It has a thickness of 2, 900 kilometers (1, 800 mi) making up about 84% of Earth’s volume.