GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The answer is shear waves. Remind them that in shear waves particles of material move back and forth perpendicular to the direction in which the wave itself moves. S-waves (S stands for secondary) are shear earthquake waves that pass through the interior of the Earth.

Detailed explanation-2: -S waves arrive next and cause a structure to vibrate from side to side. They are the most damaging waves, because buildings are more easily damaged from horizontal motion than from vertical motion.

Detailed explanation-3: -Surface waves are the seismic waves that cause the most damage. Surface waves are named as such because they move along close to the surface of the Earth. Some waves can move side-to-side, causing a twisting action in the ground. These are called Love waves.

Detailed explanation-4: -Surface waves-By a property called dispersion, surface waves of different wave lengths travel at different velocities. It is the surface waves which cause most property damage because surface waves produce more ground movement and travel more slowly, so they take longer to pass.

Detailed explanation-5: -The two main types of waves are body waves and surface waves. Body waves can travel through the Earth’s inner layers, but surface waves can only move along the surface of the planet like ripples on water.