GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A hot spot is a region deep within the Earth’s mantle from which heat rises by convection.

Detailed explanation-2: -A hot spot is an area where material from within the mantle rises and then melts, forming magma. A volcano forms above a hot spot when magma erupts through the crust and reaches the surface. A hot spot in the ocean floor can gradually form a series of volcanic mountains.

Detailed explanation-3: -A volcanic “hotspot” is an area in the mantle from which heat rises as a thermal plume from deep in the Earth. High heat and lower pressure at the base of the lithosphere (tectonic plate) facilitates melting of the rock. This melt, called magma, rises through cracks and erupts to form volcanoes.

Detailed explanation-4: -A magma chamber is a large pool of liquid rock beneath the surface of the Earth. The molten rock, or magma, in such a chamber is less dense than the surrounding country rock, which produces buoyant forces on the magma that tend to drive it upwards.

Detailed explanation-5: -The main heat transfer mechanism in the Earth’s mantle is convection, a thermally driven process where heating at depth causes material to expand and become less dense, causing it to rise while being replaced by complimentary cool material that sinks.