GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Hydrosphere: All the water on Earth. Biosphere: All the living organisms on Earth. Lithosphere: The solid rock part of Earth, including mountains, valleys, continents, and all of the rock beneath the oceans.

Detailed explanation-2: -The biosphere is made up of the parts of Earth where life exists. The biosphere extends from the deepest root systems of trees to the dark environment of ocean trenches, to lush rain forests and high mountaintops.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Four Layers Because of this, the crust is made of the lightest materials (rock-basalts and granites) and the core consists of heavy metals (nickel and iron). The crust is the layer that you live on, and it is the most widely studied and understood. The mantle is much hotter and has the ability to flow.

Detailed explanation-4: -The surface of the planet, where we live, is called the crust-it’s actually a very thin layer, just 70 kilometres deep at its thickest point. The crust and the lithosphere below (the crust plus the upper mantle) is made of several ‘tectonic plates’.

Detailed explanation-5: -Life can often seem rare and fragile, but we living things have well and truly infiltrated Earth. Microorganisms just keep cropping up in unexpected times and extreme places, the latest of those being deep below the seafloor, in Earth’s lower crust.