GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Rock/magma gets more dense and rises. It then cools down and sinks.

Detailed explanation-2: -In conduction, heat is transferred as atoms collide. The rising and sinking of warm and cooler material is called convection. Conduction brings hot material up toward the surface. It brings cooler material down toward the core, and so on.

Detailed explanation-3: -Convection currents are the result of differential heating. Lighter (less dense), warm material rises while heavier (more dense) cool material sinks. It is this movement that creates circulation patterns known as convection currents in the atmosphere, in water, and in the mantle of Earth.

Detailed explanation-4: -Convection currents, that occur within the molten rock in the mantle, act like a conveyor belt for the plates. Tectonic plates move in different directions. The direction of movement and type of plate margin is determined by which way the convection currents are flowing.

Detailed explanation-5: -Geologists have hypothesized that the movement of tectonic plates is related to convection currents in the earth’s mantle. Convection currents describe the rising, spread, and sinking of gas, liquid, or molten material caused by the application of heat.