GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Convection occurs in the asthenosphere and elsewhere in the mantle because heat is generated in Earth’s core. This heat causes molten rock to rise and turn over, and this convective activity extends as far up as the asthenosphere where rock is partially melted and viscous enough to take part in convection.

Detailed explanation-2: -Convection currents generated within the asthenosphere push magma upward through volcanic vents and spreading centres to create new crust. Convection currents also stress the lithosphere above, and the cracking that often results manifests as earthquakes.

Detailed explanation-3: -Convection currents are identified in Earth’s mantle. Heated mantle material is shown rising from deep inside the mantle, while cooler mantle material sinks, creating a convection current. It is thought that this type of current is responsible for the movements of the plates of Earth’s crust.

Detailed explanation-4: -1.5 The Rock Cycle. The Earth’s lithosphere is in a state of flux; convection currents in the mantle continuously forms new oceanic lithosphere along mid-oceanic ridges.

Detailed explanation-5: -The convection process only happens in fluids, i.e. in liquids and gases. This happens due to the reason that molecules within liquids or gases are free to move. The heat energy can be transferred by the process of convection by the difference occurring in temperature between the two parts of the fluid.