GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The lithosphere includes both the crust and the brittle upper portion of the mantle. The lithosphere is both the coolest and the most rigid of Earth’s layers.

Detailed explanation-2: -Earth has three layers: the crust, the mantle, and the core. The crust is made of solid rocks and minerals. Beneath the crust is the mantle, which is also mostly solid rocks and minerals, but punctuated by malleable areas of semi-solid magma. At the center of the Earth is a hot, dense metal core.

Detailed explanation-3: -The upper mantle is the section of the Earth’s interior that begins below the crust and ends above the transition zone. The upper mantle boundary starts directly beneath the oceanic and continental crust. The crust extends up to a depth of around 5 to 20 miles beneath the surface at the Mohorovicic discontinuity.