GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The lithosphere is the solid, outer part of Earth. The lithosphere includes the brittle upper portion of the mantle and the crust, the outermost layers of Earth’s structure. It is bounded by the atmosphere above and the asthenosphere (another part of the upper mantle) below.

Detailed explanation-2: -lithosphere The upper layer of Earth, which includes its thin brittle crust and upper mantle. The lithosphere is relatively rigid and is broken into slowly moving tectonic plates.

Detailed explanation-3: -The asthenosphere is a part of the upper mantle just below the lithosphere that is involved in plate tectonic movement and isostatic adjustments.

Detailed explanation-4: -Mohorovicic (Moho) discontinuity forms the boundary between the crust and the asthenosphere (upper reaches of the mantle) where there is a discontinuity in the seismic velocity.

Detailed explanation-5: -Thus, the mantle contains the lower portion of the lithosphere, the asthenosphere, and the mesosphere. The crust is made of the upper portion of the lithosphere.