GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -This is due to the low melting point of the glass elements of the ash, which is lower than engine operating temperatures. This molten ash can then freeze when it comes into contact with the cooled combustor and turbine components. This build-up can lead to an engine flame-out.

Detailed explanation-2: -Because volcanic ash is made up of tiny particles of rock, it has a severely abrasive effect on aircraft. This means it can destroy the outer surface of the aircraft’s fuselage, which can be especially bad news for the wings.

Detailed explanation-3: -Aside from shutting down the engines, ash clouds can affect many of the sensors on the plane giving, for instance, faulty speed readings. It also affects visibility for the pilots and can affect air quality in the cabin-making oxygen masks a necessity.

Detailed explanation-4: -They can, but the trouble is, there are a lot of long term consequences. If you have a low density cloud of ash, you can get erosion of gas turbine blades and you can get build ups on some of the components in the engine.

Detailed explanation-5: -Damage to aircraft In actual propulsion systems, there are three effects that most contribute to the damage: erosion of compressor rotors, formation of molten silicates in the combustion chambers and turbines, and obstruction of the fuel system and engine cooling.