GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -It is typically a bowl-shaped feature containing one or more vents. During volcanic eruptions, molten magma and volcanic gases rise from an underground magma chamber, through a conduit, until they reach the crater’s vent, from where the gases escape into the atmosphere and the magma is erupted as lava.

Detailed explanation-2: -Collapse calderas form when a large magma chamber is emptied by a volcanic eruption or by subsurface magma movement. The unsupported rock that forms the roof of the magma chamber then collapses to form a large crater. Crater Lake and many other calderas are thought to have formed by this process.

Detailed explanation-3: -When magma flows or erupts onto Earth’s surface, it is called lava. Like solid rock, magma is a mixture of minerals. It also contains small amounts of dissolved gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur.

Detailed explanation-4: -They are formed by blasts or other explosive eruptive phenomena, including phreatic and phreatomagmatic processes. Some craters persist long after eruptions have ceased, but they will eventually be degraded and removed by erosion. Other craters are buried by later eruptions or filled by lava domes growing in them.