GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Most are located around the Pacific Ocean in what is commonly called the Ring of Fire. A volcano is defined as an opening in the Earth’s crust through which lava, ash, and gases erupt.

Detailed explanation-2: -The East African Rift, the Baikal Rift Valley, the West Antarctic Rift, and the Rio Grande Rift are Earth’s major active continental rift valleys.

Detailed explanation-3: -Lava is molten rock. It is created deep beneath Earth’s surface (often 100 miles or more underground), where temperatures get hot enough to melt rock. Scientists call this molten rock magma when it’s underground. Eventually, some magma makes its way to Earth’s surface and escapes via a volcanic eruption.

Detailed explanation-4: -Deep within the Earth it is so hot that some rocks slowly melt and become a thick flowing substance called magma. Since it is lighter than the solid rock around it, magma rises and collects in magma chambers. Eventually, some of the magma pushes through vents and fissures to the Earth’s surface.