GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Cinder refers to the pyroclastic fragments, which is composed of rock. Cinder cones are also known as ash cones. Cinder cones are the type of volcano that is formed by pyroclastic fragments like volcanic ashes, solidified lava pieces, volcanic clinkers, pumice and hot gases.

Detailed explanation-2: -Lapilli: Rock fragments between 2 and 64 mm (0.08-2.5 in) in diameter that were ejected from a volcano during an explosive eruption are called lapilli.

Detailed explanation-3: -The term tephra defines all pieces of all fragments of rock ejected into the air by an erupting volcano. Most tephra falls back onto the slopes of the volcano, enlarging it.

Detailed explanation-4: -Collectively, the fragments ejected during explosive eruptions are termed pyroclasts, meaning “fire-broken” from the ancient Greek. Pyroclasts may be ejected while still molten or partially molten, or may consist of solidified magma or of other rock fragments.

Detailed explanation-5: -Tephra (fragmented volcanic particles) or ash (fragmented volcanic particles less than 2 mm in diameter) propelled through the atmosphere in an eruption plume or an eruption column eventually fall or gravitationally settle over areas downwind of an erupting volcano, forming blankets of tephra fall or ashfall.