GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Hydrovolcanic eruptions are generated by the intereaction of magma with either groundwater or surface water. Explosive hydrovolcanic eruptions of basaltic lava are sometimes called Surtseyan, after the eruption off Iceland in 1963.

Detailed explanation-2: -Surtseyan eruptions typically consist of basaltic magma. This style is named for the 1963 eruption of Surtsey off the coast of Iceland. Surtseyan eruptions often form volcanoes with low edifices such as tuff rings or maars that are made up of pyroclasts that are deposited around the crater.

Detailed explanation-3: -Explosive eruptions If a lot of gas is trapped within magma, pressure will build and build until eventually the magma erupts explosively out of the volcano. It’s a bit like a bottle of fizzy pop: gas is trapped in the liquid but if you shake the bottle the gas wants to escape.

Detailed explanation-4: -Surtseyan eruptions are hydrovolcanic explosions that result when rising magma comes into contact with open water in a lake or shallow sea, breaching the water surface and often forming subaerial tuff cones (Kokelaar and Durant, 1983, Verwoerd and Chevallier, 1987, Németh et al., 2006).

Detailed explanation-5: -Explosive eruptions occur where cooler, more viscous magmas (such as andesite) reach the surface. Dissolved gases cannot escape as easily, so pressure may build up until gas explosions blast rock and lava fragments into the air!