GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Calderas form when magma chambers are partially emptied during large eruptions and the land surface subsides and the area above the shallow magma reservoir collapses.

Detailed explanation-2: -A caldera is a depression created after a volcano partially collapses after releasing the majority of its magma chamber in an explosive eruption.

Detailed explanation-3: -A caldera (/kɔːlˈdɛrə, kæl-/ kawl-DERR-ə, kal-) is a large cauldron-like hollow that forms shortly after the emptying of a magma chamber in a volcano eruption. When large volumes of magma are erupted over a short time, structural support for the rock above the magma chamber is gone.

Detailed explanation-4: -In the Hawaiian Islands, the term caldera is used to describe large volcanic craters, generally many kilometers wide, formed by collapse of the volcano summit above shallow magma chambers, such as Mauna Loa and Kilauea calderas.