GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The sulfur dioxide moves into the stratosphere and combines with water to form sulfuric acid aerosols. The sulfuric acid makes a haze of tiny droplets in the stratosphere that reflects incoming solar radiation, causing cooling of the Earth’s surface.

Detailed explanation-2: -Answer: The correct answer is (b) light. Explanation: (b) Huge volcanic eruptions can release large amounts of ash, dust, and sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, which can scatter and reflect sunlight, thus reducing the amount of sunlight reaching the earth’s surface.

Detailed explanation-3: -Although there are several factors triggering a volcanic eruption, three predominate: the buoyancy of the magma, the pressure from the exsolved gases in the magma and the injection of a new batch of magma into an already filled magma chamber.

Detailed explanation-4: -A magma’s composition, viscosity, and gas content, the eruption rate, and the size of the magma reservoir determines many aspects of eruptions, including how explosive they are.

Detailed explanation-5: -Injected ash falls rapidly from the stratosphere–most of it is removed within several days to weeks–and has little impact on climate change. But volcanic gases like sulfur dioxide can cause global cooling, while volcanic carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, has the potential to promote global warming.