LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -In the cytoplasm, NADH can be generated as a by-product of glycolysis (Fig. 5A). This occurs at the sixth step of glycolysis, where two molecules of G3P are oxidized to two molecules of 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate coupled with the reduction of NAD+ to NADH by glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (87).

Detailed explanation-2: -Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is one such enzyme. It catalyzes the conversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to glycerate-1, 3-biphosphate, and results in production of NADH.

Detailed explanation-3: -In phase II, two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate are converted to two molecules of pyruvate, along with the production of four molecules of ATP and two molecules of NADH.

Detailed explanation-4: -Simultaneous oxidation and phosphorylation of G3P produces 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate (1, 3-BPG) and nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NADH).

Detailed explanation-5: -3.1 NAD+ and redox reactions in metabolism Following the conversion of glucose to two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P), GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) reduces NAD+ to NADH to transform G3P into 1-3-biphosphoglycerate.