LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -The majority of genes carried in a cell’s DNA specify the amino acid sequence of proteins; the RNA molecules that are copied from these genes (which ultimately direct the synthesis of proteins) are called messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules.

Detailed explanation-2: -The type of RNA that contains the information for making a protein is called messenger RNA (mRNA) because it carries the information, or message, from the DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.

Detailed explanation-3: -The correct answer: Translation is the process of converting the language of nucleic acids (nucleotides) to the language of proteins (amino acids). The translation is the process in which the protein strand is produced from the mRNA molecule.

Detailed explanation-4: -The mRNA is then pulled through the ribosome; as its codons encounter the ribosome’s active site, the mRNA nucleotide sequence is translated into an amino acid sequence using the tRNAs as adaptors to add each amino acid in the correct sequence to the end of the growing polypeptide chain.

Detailed explanation-5: -To convert the three-letter words (codons) of nucleic acids to the one-letter, amino acid words of proteins, a cell uses a molecular interpreter, a type of RNA called transfer RNA, abbreviated tRNA (Figure 10.15).