LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -In insects, the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway plays a major role in antiviral responses, as shown against many RNA viruses. The response includes the cleavage of double-stranded RNA genome or intermediates, produced during replication, into viral short interfering RNAs (v-siRNAs).

Detailed explanation-2: -RNA interference (RNAi) or RNA silencing is one of the important defense mechanisms that protects plants from pathogen infection and it controls sequence specific regulation of gene expression.

Detailed explanation-3: -A : RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense. R : Complementary dsRNA molecule binds to specific mRNA and prevents its translation (silencing). Silencing a specific mRNA in order to prevent its translation is known to be a cell defense mechanism .

Detailed explanation-4: -Synthetic small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are an indispensable tool to investigate gene function in eukaryotic cells and may be used for therapeutic purposes to knockdown genes implicated in disease.