LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Mitochondria play a critical role in the generation of metabolic energy in eukaryotic cells. As reviewed in Chapter 2, they are responsible for most of the useful energy derived from the breakdown of carbohydrates and fatty acids, which is converted to ATP by the process of oxidative phosphorylation .

Detailed explanation-2: -A mitochondrion is a round to oval-shaped organelle found in the cells of almost all eukaryotic organisms. It produces energy, known as ATP, for the cell through a series of chemical reactions.

Detailed explanation-3: -Most of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesized during glucose metabolism is produced in the mitochondria through oxidative phosphorylation.

Detailed explanation-4: -Well into the 1990s it was widely thought that several anaerobic eukaryotes, such as Giardia lamblia, lack mitochondria altogether and had never possessed them in the evolutionary past. Newer work, however, has shown that mitochondria are just as defining and ubiquitous among eukaryotes as is the nucleus itself.