LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -According to modern evolutionary biology, all living beings could be descendants of a unique ancestor commonly referred to as the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) of all life on Earth. Common descent is an effect of speciation, in which multiple species derive from a single ancestral population.

Detailed explanation-2: -Loosely, a monophyletic taxon is one that includes a group of organisms descended from a single ancestor, whereas a polyphyletic taxon is composed of unrelated organisms descended from more than one ancestor.

Detailed explanation-3: -Ancestral organism shared by two or more descendent lineages-in other words, an ancestor that they have in common. For example, the common ancestors of two biological siblings include their parents and grandparents; the common ancestors of a coyote and a wolf include the first canine and the first mammal.

Detailed explanation-4: -All living organisms are descended from common ancestors. They are modified descendants of creatures who lived in the distant past. This generalization is called evolution. It is one of the greatest generalizations in science.

Detailed explanation-5: -The state of two individuals when they are blood relatives.