LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -In addition to the chromosome, many prokaryotes have plasmids, which are small rings of double-stranded extra-chromosomal ("outside the chromosome") DNA. Plasmids carry a small number of non-essential genes and are copied independently of the chromosome inside the cell.

Detailed explanation-2: -Plasmids are rings of DNA –double-stranded molecules that hold genetic information – that are found in most bacteria.

Detailed explanation-3: -A plasmid is a small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that is distinct from a cell’s chromosomal DNA. Plasmids naturally exist in bacterial cells, and they also occur in some eukaryotes. Often, the genes carried in plasmids provide bacteria with genetic advantages, such as antibiotic resistance.