LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Researchers can insert DNA fragments or genes into a plasmid vector, creating a so-called recombinant plasmid. This plasmid can be introduced into a bacterium by way of the process called transformation. Then, because bacteria divide rapidly, they can be used as factories to copy DNA fragments in large quantities.

Detailed explanation-2: -Transformation is a key step in DNA cloning. It occurs after restriction digest and ligation and transfers newly made plasmids to bacteria. After transformation, bacteria are selected on antibiotic plates. Bacteria with a plasmid are antibiotic-resistant, and each one will form a colony.

Detailed explanation-3: -Genetic transformation involves the transfer and incorporation of foreign DNA into a host genome. In order for this transferred DNA to be transmitted to later generations, transformation of germline or other appropriate cells of the recipient species is essential.

Detailed explanation-4: -Plasmid vectors are generally used and the resulting “genomic DNA library” is housed in millions of bacterial cells, each carrying a different cloned DNA fragment. Individual cells that are allowed to proliferate produce large amounts of a single cloned DNA fragment from this library.