MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Foramen-A hole through which nerves and blood vessels pass. Examples include supraorbital foramen, infraorbital foramen, and mental foramen on the cranium. Fossa-A shallow depression in the bone surface. Here it may receive another articulating bone or act to support brain structures.

Detailed explanation-2: -A central Haversian canal penetrates the osteon and serves as a passage for blood cells, lymph vessels, and nerves.

Detailed explanation-3: -The word foramen comes from the Latin word meaning “hole.” Essentially, all of the foramen (singular), or the foramina (plural of foramen), in the skull are holes. They are passageways through the bones of the skull that allow different structures of the nervous and circulatory system to enter and exit the skull.

Detailed explanation-4: -The correct answer is a fissure. A fissure is a narrow, slit-like opening that allows for the passageway of nerve and/or blood vessels.

Detailed explanation-5: -Blood vessels enter the bone through channels called Volkmann canals that lie perpendicular to the bone. From there, the blood vessels enter another group of channels called Haversian canals, which run along the length of the bone. The nerves of the periosteum register pain when the tissue is injured or damaged.