MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Each chromosome consists of a single, enormously long linear DNA molecule associated with proteins that fold and pack the fine DNA thread into a more compact structure. The complex of DNA and protein is called chromatin (from the Greek chroma, “color, ‘’ because of its staining properties).

Detailed explanation-2: –The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes.-When the cell is not dividing, chromatin exists in its dispersed form, as a mass of very long, thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope.

Detailed explanation-3: -These long strands of coiled-up DNA and proteins are called chromosomes. Each chromosome contains many genes. The function of the nucleus of many cells also contains a non-membrane bound organelle called a nucleolus.

Detailed explanation-4: -This forms a chromatin subunit known as a chromatosome, which consists of 166 base pairs of DNA wrapped around the histone core and held in place by H1 (a linker histone).

Detailed explanation-5: -Between cell divisions, the DNA in chromosomes is more loosely coiled and forms long thin strands called chromatin. DNA is in this uncoiled form during the majority of the cell cycle, making the DNA available to the proteins involved in DNA replication and transcription.