The myelin sheath plays an important role in neuron structure and function. However, when the myelin sheath is missing or fully intact, there are consequences. There are many conditions that cause demyelination of neurons, some are autoimmune disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, and others are heredity. The symptoms of these conditions vary, but often include speech impairment and difficulty coordinating movement. Which of the following correctly connects the symptoms of demyelination with the process of nerve impulse transmission?

SYNAPTIC PHYSIOLOGY

Please wait while the activity loads.
If this activity does not load, try refreshing your browser. Also, this page requires javascript. Please visit using a browser with javascript enabled.

If loading fails, click here to try again

Question [CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]

A	Demyelination prevents the formation of an action potential in sensory neurons that transmit signals from the environment to the central nervous system.
B	Demyelination slows nerve impulse transmission
C	Demyelination targets the central nervous system
D	Demyelination prevents the uptake of neurotransmitters reacted to propagate a message to the next neuron

Explanation:

Detailed explanation-1: -Myelin is an insulating layer, or sheath that forms around nerves, including those in the brain and spinal cord. It is made up of protein and fatty substances. This myelin sheath allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve cells. If myelin is damaged, these impulses slow down.

Detailed explanation-2: -A demyelinating disease is any condition that causes damage to the protective covering (myelin sheath) that surrounds nerve fibers in your brain, the nerves leading to the eyes (optic nerves) and spinal cord. When the myelin sheath is damaged, nerve impulses slow or even stop, causing neurological problems.

Detailed explanation-3: -The human body has an amazing natural ability to repair myelin and get nerves working properly again. Myelin is repaired or replaced by special cells in the brain called oligodendrocytes. These cells are made from a type of stem cell found in the brain, called oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs).

Detailed explanation-4: -Myelin can be damaged when your body’s immune cells think that myelin is a foreign substance. Your body’s immune system produces inflammatory substances that damage myelin and eventually kill the cells (the oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells) that make myelin.

There is 1 question to complete.