NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Plants use two different systems for transportation. Xylem moves water and solutes from the roots to the leaves and phloem moves food-substances from leaves to the rest of the plant.

Detailed explanation-2: -Phloem is the vascular tissue that transports carbon (photosynthates) from the leaves to basal parts of the plant, and vascular cambium is undifferentiated tissue responsible for secondary growth and repair of damaged phloem (Lalonde et al., 2004).

Detailed explanation-3: -The xylem distributes water and dissolved minerals upward through the plant, from the roots to the leaves. The phloem carries food downward from the leaves to the roots.

Detailed explanation-4: -Phloem transports carbohydrates, produced by photosynthesis and hydrolysis of reserve compounds, to sink tissues for growth, respiration and storage. At photosynthetic tissues, carbohydrates are loaded into phloem (Rennie and Turgeon 2009), a process that raises the solute concentration.

Detailed explanation-5: -These compounds are transported by the phloem tissue, which allows them to go both up and down within the plant, unlike sap which moves through the xylem. Phloem cells are tailored to perform certain functions: Sieve tubes lack a nucleus and are designed for transfer.