NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The correct 3D structure of a protein is essential to its function, although some parts of functional proteins may remain unfolded. Failure to fold into native structure generally produces inactive proteins, but in some instances misfolded proteins have modified or toxic functionality (think prions & amyloid fibrils).

Detailed explanation-2: -Denaturation of proteins is a process of transition from a folded to an unfolded state. It happens in cooking, burns, proteinopathies, and other contexts.

Detailed explanation-3: -Accumulation of misfolded proteins can cause disease, and unfortunately some of these diseases, known as amyloid diseases, are very common. The most prevalent one is Alzheimer’s disease, which affects about 10 percent of the adult population over sixty-five years old in North America.

Detailed explanation-4: -However, unfolding plays a critically important role in at least three biological processes: protein translocation across some membranes; protein degradation by ATP-dependent proteases; and the passive elasticity of striated muscle (Figure 1).