NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The hypothalamus produces a polypeptide hormone known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which is transported to and released from the posterior pituitary gland. The principal action of ADH is to regulate the amount of water excreted by the kidneys.

Detailed explanation-2: -Antidiuretic hormone binds to receptors on cells in the collecting ducts of the kidney and promotes reabsorption of water back into the circulation. In the absense of antidiuretic hormone, the collecting ducts are virtually impermiable to water, and it flows out as urine.

Detailed explanation-3: -Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) acting at V2 receptors enhances water reabsorption by increasing aquaporin-2 channels in the renal collecting duct.

Detailed explanation-4: -Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also called arginine vasopressin (AVP), is a hormone that helps regulate water balance in the body by controlling the amount of water the kidneys reabsorb while they are filtering wastes out of the blood.

Detailed explanation-5: -The regulation of water balance is governed by a high-gain feedback mechanism involving the hypothalamus, the neurohypophysis, and the kidneys (Fig. 1). Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus, which originally were described by Verney, 1 sense plasma osmolality.