NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In addition to releasing glucose into the circulation by synthesizing new glucose molecules via gluconeogenesis and its utilization of glucose, the kidney can also influence glucose homeostasis by returning glucose to the circulation via the reabsorption of glucose from glomerular filtrate.

Detailed explanation-2: -Glucose Reabsorption In addition to their important role in gluconeogenesis, the kidneys contribute to glucose homeostasis by filtering and reabsorbing glucose. Under normal conditions, the kidneys retrieve as much glucose as possible, rendering the urine virtually glucose free.

Detailed explanation-3: -Most of the glucose entering the tubular system is reabsorbed along the nephron segments, primarily in the proximal tubule, such that urine is almost free of glucose.

Detailed explanation-4: -This reabsorption is effected by two sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter (SGLT) proteins. SGLT2, situated in the S1 segment, is a low-affinity high-capacity transporter reabsorbing up to 90% of filtered glucose.

Detailed explanation-5: -Reabsorption of glucose occurs in a two step process involving reabsorption across the luminal membrane via Na-glucose cotransporter and then facilitated glucose transport across the peritubular membrane. Under 200 mg/dL, all glucose filtered into Bowman’s space is reabsorbed.