NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -When those copies are made inside the parents’ bodies, errors or “mutations” can occur. So how many unique mutations does each human have in their genes? A 2011 study in Nature Genetics examined the genomes of two human families and found that children in the study had an average of 42 unique mutations.

Detailed explanation-2: -Using data available from whole genome sequencing, the human genome mutation rate is similarly estimated to be  1.1×10−8 per site per generation. The rate for other forms of mutation also differs greatly from point mutations.

Detailed explanation-3: -There are two types of point mutations: transition mutations and transversion mutations. Transition mutations occur when a pyrimidine base (i.e., thymine [T] or cytosine [C]) substitutes for another pyrimidine base or when a purine base (i.e., adenine [A] or guanine [G]) substitutes for another purine base.

Detailed explanation-4: -Types of Point Mutations. We are going to focus on the following point mutations: frameshift, silent, nonsense, and missense. Let’s start with a frameshift mutation, where there’s an insertion or deletion of one or more bases.