NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Long-haired breeds carry the variant form of FGF5. Dogs carrying the FGF5 mutation, along with the RSPO2 insertion, have furnishings and long soft coats, rather than wiry ones.

Detailed explanation-2: -Monogenic disorders are often the result of single point mutations in specific genes, leading to the production of non-functional proteins. Different blood disorders such as ß-thalassemia, sickle cell disease, hereditary spherocytosis, Fanconi anemia, and Hemophilia A and B are usually caused by point mutations.

Detailed explanation-3: -A variant in the Keratin-71 (KRT71) gene is associated with curly hair in dogs. This variant is likely inherited as an incomplete dominant trait, which means that dogs with two copies of the variant (C/C) have curly coats and dogs with one copy of the variant (N/C) are not curly but have wavy coats.

Detailed explanation-4: -Sickle cell anemia is an example of a mutation in animals. It is a point deletion mutation whereby an acidic amino acid residue glutamic acid, is replaced by valine. This leads to the mutation in the beta-globin chain. The red blood cells become sickle-shaped and their oxygen-carrying capacity is reduced.