NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The process is referred to a charging or aminoacylation of tRNA .

Detailed explanation-2: -Aminoacylation, the attachment of an amino acid to a tRNA, is typically a two-step process catalyzed by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs). The first step, termed “activation”, is the formation of an aminoacyl-AMP (aminoacyl-adenylate) on the enzyme through the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Detailed explanation-3: -Amino Acid Activation Amino acids must be activated for translation to occur. Activation ensures that the correct amino acid will be recognized and that there is sufficient energy for peptide bond formation. Activation is the covalent coupling of amino acids to specific adapter molecules.

Detailed explanation-4: -The process of translation can be seen as the decoding of instructions for making proteins, involving mRNA in transcription as well as tRNA. The genes in DNA encode protein molecules, which are the “workhorses” of the cell, carrying out all the functions necessary for life.

Detailed explanation-5: -The tRNA binds and brings to the ribosome the amino acid encoded by the mRNA. The process of reading the mRNA code in the ribosome to make a protein is called translation (Figure below): the mRNA is translated from the language of nucleic acids (nucleotides) to the language of proteins (amino acids).