NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The process of breaking the hydrogen bonds between the nucleotide base pairs in double-stranded DNA requires energy. To break the bonds, helicases use the energy stored in a molecule called ATP, which serves as the energy currency of cells.

Detailed explanation-2: -Key enzyme involved in DNA replication, it is responsible for ‘unzipping’ the double helix structure by breaking the hydrogen bonds between bases on opposite strands of the DNA molecule.

Detailed explanation-3: -Helicases are enzymes that are used by living organisms to separate the strands of nucleic acids, and in this case, the double-stranded DNA. Helicases do so by breaking the hydrogen bonds that hold the two strands together.

Detailed explanation-4: -The role of the helicases is to utilize the energy derived from nucleoside triphosphate hydrolysis to translocate along nucleic acid strands, unwind/separate the helical structure of double-stranded nucleic acid, and, in some cases, disrupt protein-nucleic acid interactions.

Detailed explanation-5: -In the laboratory, exposing the two DNA strands of the double helix to high temperatures or to certain chemicals can break the hydrogen bonds between complementary bases, thus separating the strands into two separate single strands of DNA (single-stranded DNA [ssDNA]).