NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Through photosynthesis, they use sunlight and carbon dioxide to make food, belching out the oxygen that we breathe as a byproduct. This evolutionary innovation is so central to plant identity that nearly all land plants use the same pores-called stomata-to take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen.

Detailed explanation-2: -Carbon dioxide and oxygen cannot pass through the cuticle, but move in and out of leaves through openings called stomata (stoma = “hole"). Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata. When stomata are open to allow gases to cross the leaf surface, the plant loses water vapor to the atmosphere.

Detailed explanation-3: -During respiration, which occurs in most plants at night, plants take in oxygen through the closed stoma and release carbon dioxide into the environment. Both carbon dioxide and oxygen enter and exit through the stoma by simple diffusion down their concentration gradients.

Detailed explanation-4: -On the underside of leaves and elsewhere, depending on the plant, are tiny openings called stomata-thousands of them per leaf with variations by plant species. Like little castle gates, pairs of cells on the sides of the stomatal pore-known as guard cells-open their central pore to take in the carbon dioxide.

Detailed explanation-5: -Answer. Explanation: When the plant is photosynthesising during the day, these features allow carbon dioxide to diffuse into the spongy mesophyll cells, and oxygen to diffuse out of it. To get to the spongy mesophyll cells inside the leaf, gases diffuse through small pores called stomata .