NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Because they interact with light to absorb only certain wavelengths, pigments are useful to plants and other autotrophs–organisms which make their own food using photosynthesis. In plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, pigments are the means by which the energy of sunlight is captured for photosynthesis.

Detailed explanation-2: -Photosynthetic pigments are the most important coloured components of the chloroplast lamellae. These pigments are molecules that strongly absorb visible light. They interact with sunlight to alter the wavelengths that are either reflected or transmitted by the plant tissue.

Detailed explanation-3: -Chlorophyll is a pigment that gives plants their green color, and it helps plants create their own food through photosynthesis.

Detailed explanation-4: -Pigments act as visible signals to attract insects, birds and animals for pollination and seed dispersal. Pigments also protect plants from damage caused by UV and visible light (Tanaka et al., 2008). Many pigment-rich fruits are consumed in the human diet.

Detailed explanation-5: -When a pigment molecule absorbs light, it is raised from a ground state to an excited state. This means that an electron jumps to a higher-energy orbital ( an orbital that is further from the nucleus).