SOLAR SYSTEM

Detailed explanation-1: -Many geologists believe that the mantle “flows” because of convection currents. Convection currents are caused by the very hot material at the deepest part of the mantle rising, then cooling, sinking again and then heating, rising and repeating the cycle over and over.

Detailed explanation-2: -Convection occurs in the asthenosphere and elsewhere in the mantle because heat is generated in Earth’s core. This heat causes molten rock to rise and turn over, and this convective activity extends as far up as the asthenosphere where rock is partially melted and viscous enough to take part in convection.

Detailed explanation-3: -Outer Core It is the site of violent convection. The churning metal of the outer core creates and sustains Earth’s magnetic field. The hottest part of the core is actually the Bullen discontinuity, where temperatures reach 6, 000° Celsius (10, 800° Fahrenheit)-as hot as the surface of the sun.

Detailed explanation-4: -The Earth’s outer core is in a state of turbulent convection as the result of radioactive heating and chemical differentiation. This sets up a process that is a bit like a naturally occurring electrical generator, where the convective kinetic energy is converted to electrical and magnetic energy.

Detailed explanation-5: -the geosphere – plate tectonics. the atmosphere-wind. the hydrosphere-ocean currents.